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Though perhaps not as famous or enigmatic as the Nazca lines in southern Peru, the Kazakhstan Steppe geoglyphs or California’s Blythe Intaglios, the U.S. has some interesting 20th-century manmade creations meant to be seen from above. They played a key role in flight long before the days of modern navigational software and technology.
What are these mysterious monuments of which I speak? The answer is … pointed — as in the tip of an arrow, pointed.
In fact, they are 50- to 70-foot-long concrete navigational arrows that originally helped guide the U.S. Postal Service as it entered into the field of airmail delivery.
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BUDDY SMITH FOR THE POINTS GUY
Almost 100 years ago, about 1,500 of these arrows were constructed to serve as navigational “signs” to be seen from the sky as the Postal Service and Commerce Department looked to expedite the movement of mail in a new era of flight.
These relics of the past that once pushed us toward the future are still out there — or rather, under 200 of them are in varying states of existence. However, if my conversations and observations are even remotely accurate, even the most seasoned travelers and aviation enthusiasts may not know of their existence. Of the few people who do know about them, even fewer have seen one.
The remaining arrows are in locales ranging from off-the-beaten-path spots to areas just off the busiest of highways (but perhaps hidden under a canopy of underbrush and trees or even on an open mountaintop).
We first learned of these arrows by happenstance a few years ago and have since made it a mission to take the next opportunity to see it for ourselves. If, like us, you are curious and always looking for new adventures, here’s what we learned.
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The history of the navigational arrows
In the early days of airmail in the U.S., primarily using World War I aircraft and pilots, airmail was still not a particularly “express” journey even though it was a big step forward. At the time, such flying was restricted to the daylight hours, and the mail would be transported by train during the night.
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This system obviously hindered overall progress and speed. So, the federal government developed a plan to provide a connect-the-lighted-dots pathway from coast to coast.
A series of 51-foot metal towers with beacons were constructed and placed approximately 10 miles apart. At the base of each beacon, a 50- to 70-foot concrete arrow was built and painted a bright chrome yellow to enhance visibility.
The arrows were laid out and aimed to direct the pilot to the next navigational complex. The next complex would then guide them to the next complex, and so on, until they reached their destination.
The rotating beacons eventually offered lights of 2 million candlepower. Additionally, a 10-by-14-foot shed was constructed at each site to house generators and fuel. Visual information was painted on the sheds as to the beacon number, based on mileage, along with letters to designate the route.
As secondary identifiers, red or green lights flashed Morse code to distinguish each specific beacon and tower. In conjunction with these guiding lights, emergency airfields were constructed every 25 miles to aid the pilot in case a problem occurred in flight — which certainly happened, especially in those early days.
The arrows pointed toward the eastern terminus on east-to-west routes and to the most northern stop on north-to-south paths. Los Angeles to Salt Lake City would have the marker pointed to Salt Lake City, and Dallas to Chicago would have the indicator aiming toward Chicago.
In fact, many of the major U.S. commercial airlines can trace their roots to the incomes generated by the contracts of these early airmail routes.
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Searching for the arrows
Once we first learned of the arrows, we researched the routes and original locations of the arrows and beacons. We were thrilled (and perhaps dismayed) to learn that we had unknowingly driven within a mile of several sites while traveling through places like St. George, Utah and Las Vegas.
On the way to a ski trip in Brian Head, Utah, we charted a course that involved turning off I-15, going past a Walmart and a golf course, and through a subdivision until we reached a water tower on the side of a hill. The arrow was awaiting just above the tower.
At the very crest of the ridge, there it was. A bit lonely, isolated and worn, but a piece of history all the same. A monument had been placed there to memorialize its significance and its mission.
We photographed it from every angle and spent a great deal of time there just appreciating the find. It was perhaps not on the same level as finding the Lost Dutchman Mine, but we felt rewarded all the same.
We wondered how many young’uns had climbed this hill, or one just like it, in the late 1920s and waved when the low-flying Western Air Express Douglas M2 aircraft flew by as it made its way to or from Salt Lake City. We certainly would have.
Our appetites now duly whetted, we set out toward Las Vegas to continue our arrow search. Just south of Las Vegas, where Las Vegas Boulevard and I-15 are separated only by a small hill, our crusade took on new zeal. We knew from research that another coveted arrow was perched on the top of that same high ground.
Unfortunately, we began our ascent in the worst possible spot and our climb slowly wound around the rocky rise as we searched for the best avenue to its treasured apex. However, just when our pessimism was peaking, an easier path presented itself; in a few more minutes, we were not only on top but also on top of the arrow.
This arrow, part of the old 650-mile Contract Airmail Route 4 from LA to Salt Lake City, pointed directly at Las Vegas.
In the 1920s and 1930s, the arrow would not have directed the pilot’s vision and attention to anything resembling what we could see from that peak on that day. Lying below would have been only miles of uninterrupted desert and a railroad-centric small town of about 5,000 inhabitants.
Not even the wildest of dreams could have predicted the future that awaited that arid scape. This particular arrow had been repainted in the near past, but no remnants of the beacon tower or the operation shed remained. We recorded this memory and left the arrow to its usual solitude.
We have since added a third arrow to our visual collection with a find near Meridian, Mississippi, and we hope to continue discovering new locations as our travels allow. While perhaps not worth setting out to find on their own, they are a worthy “side quest” as we cross the country on future trips.
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Bottom line
The use of the beacons and arrows started in 1925, and by 1929, the Transcontinental Airway System had stretched from New York to San Francisco. Mail could be flown from coast to coast in about 29 hours flying west or 34 hours flying east.
The lighted airway had a reasonably short history of about 10 years as technological advances in radar and other navigational aids forced them into obsolescence. Most of the towers were eventually disassembled when their mission ended, with some of the steel used in the war effort of the 1940s.
A number of the concrete arrows were purposefully destroyed in that same era just in case enemy aircraft invaded the U.S. and might use them for guidance.
While the era of the arrows as they once were is now over, some are still out there waiting to be seen again by those curious travelers ready to take a look.
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